Child Adoption

Adoption Pathways

In jurisdictions that do not recognize pre-birth orders (such as New Zealand or certain European countries), intended parents may need to utilize stepparent adoption or second-parent adoption to establish legal parentage

Documentation Guidance

Guidance on preparing DNA testing reports, foreign court-issued parentage orders, and legal affidavits for the relinquishment of rights by the surrogate

Eligibility Requirements

In some frameworks, such as de facto adoption in Malaysia, requirements may include a continuous period of custody and maintenance of at least two years

Process Timeline

The legal timeline for post-birth steps typically ranges from 2 to 6 weeks, though it can extend much longer depending on the receiving country’s specific court requirements